Newspapers / The University of North … / April 12, 1916, edition 1 / Page 1
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The news in this publica- •■tion is released for the press on 'the date mdicated below. APRIL 12, 1916 the university of north CAROLINA NEWS LETTER Published weekly by the University of North Carolina for its Bureau of Extension. CHAPEL HILL, N. C. VOL. II, NO. 20 Bomrdt B. O. Branson, J. G, deR« Hfunllton. L. R Wilsnu i a wjih d u mi. • ^ A. wuiiamft. K. H. iiionitorj, (+. M. MeKie- Eiirnreri »s s«r;oad-cl»98 in»tit«r November 14. I9U, at r.ht> postotfloe at Hill. N. C., under the act of Aujnist 24,191a. NORTH CAROLINA CLUB STUDIES COOPERATIVE EGG-CIRCLES There are 50 cooperative P};K-iniirketiiig ^•irc,l(ffi in Misj^is^npi, corajwpod usually of tlio tKjhool children and tlie farm wives. The frt'sh are hroiis'ht in twice » week li.i the schodlhonse, say, wliere one menilier or a small conmnittee ■of the nienil)ers grades and packs them in' >ine-dozen cartons for the parcels post. ■Fresh, uniformly colored, infertile eggs 'weighing over two ounces each bring a premium over market price.-^. The pack ers look aft.'r all the business details of marketing for 1/1-2 or 2 cents a dozen. The producers get more money for their eggs an(i the consumei-s get more eggs for their money. One of these egg-circleji has sold 3,815 ■dozen eggs direct to city purchasers in this way at prices averaging 24 events per •dozen. Hamlico anfl 6,469 in Hertford. The total taxable wealth of Hertford in 1914 was more than twice that of Pamlico; $5,693,000 against 12,214,000. In the j per capita taxal)le wealth ol the whites, i Hertford witli ■H'il ranked 10th in the state. J'amlico with 1238 ranked 6)tli. In 1915 Hertford had S)5 motor cii rs worth HI,800; while Pamlico had 20 worth I !5^8,840. IVfanifestly, Hertford had greater I wealth,but less willingness to convert her I wealth into public school advantages. Pandico has le.ss wealth but greater will ingness. Why? We do not know. The Hert ford and Pamlico people could ]>robably spell out the an.swers. THE DIVINE WAY BoucK White To cast in your lot among those to whotn you can give the most is the di vine way; and makes for stature. To ca,st in your lot among those from whom you caii rf;ceive the most is the liiuuan way; and it belittles in to pygmies men who might be giants. ^AFE-GUARDING AGAINST SMALLPOX In undertaking the manufacture of smallpox vaccine, the State Board of •flealth has made an important addition :to itfi many useful activities!. This vac- ■-eine, which is to be made at th« State :L«b(tratory of Hygiene under the direct- :ion o[ Dr. C. A. Shore, is offered free to ■ every citizen of the state. It is to be dis- :tributed through the county and city health officers from whom any physician .i,“an obtain adequate supplies. The official announcement goes on to .■tiy that the Board re-afl'irms its opinion that vaccination is the only safe protect- lion against smallpox", and that qnaran- line or Any other methoti of protection is undertiiin, ejJpensive and inequitable; ^therefore, the Board believes tl at its suc,- •cess in making and ofl'ering vaccine free :to all the people will change the nature •of this problem of smallpox control, plac- •ing.the responsibility of its spread more ■on the individul and less on the public. PREACHER PAY In the Literary Digest some time ago was. an article on Pensions for Preacliers which quoted Rev. J. T. K'. Smith, editor ■of the Veteran Preacher (Methodist Epis copal, Chicago) as stating the average rsalaries of Protestant preachers in several ■ denominations as follows; Unitarian $1,221; Protestant Episcopal $994; Pn^sbyterian (North) i>977; Univer- salist $974; Presbyterian (South) $857; iLutlieraJi $744; Methodist Episcopal $741; Northern Baj>tist $(381; fTjijted ■ B^thr.e.n 1547; Disciples $527; Southern JBaptist $334. ■Commenting upon this Mr. Smith de- •clare.M that these salaries conclusively ;prove tliat if the preacher weVe to save he •iwouid rob himself and family of the -d||:essities of life, and cripple his own ■efficient services as pastor and preacher. Teacher Pay It is interesting and profitable to com pare with these figures the average salary, -of pien teachers in the common schools of the lJniJ,ed States: United States j)619; North Atlantic States $896; North Central States J641; ■South Atlantic States 1436; South Cen- itral States $423; Western States §1,024. ^AVhat chance ha-s the school teacher in the United States to save or lay by for a rainy day? Truly the rewards of the li^ac.her and teacher uutst te sought el»‘where than in terms of slocks and ■ bonds. !iiPAMLICOAND HERTFORD lln 1913-14 Pamlico lead the state in fl6ca! tax rate for school support—$8.98 per $1,000; w^hile Hertford footel the I list in this particular, with a rate of $3.45, Jin Pandico 14 or 60 per cent of tlie ^23 ■scliool districts levied a local tax; in 'Hertford only 4 or 12 fM,r t ent of the 33 IPamlico raised by special school taxes $5,113; Hertford only $1,497. |The amount invested in white public school property in Pamlico was $30,850; in Hertford $25,980. ',The average annual salary of white lachers in Pamlico was $268.46; in Hert- :ord $232.86. 'White S(;hool rooms furnished witii jhome-made desks or benches, Pamlico 5, Hertford 18. I Why These Differences ^The counties had almost exactly the iSame white population in 1915; 6,577 in WHY WE NEED MORE PEO PLE IN NORTH CARO LINA G. H. Coo|)er, Rowan County. On February 7th The North Carolina Club discus-sed onr 22,000,000 idle acres. Tonight we discuss the question Why We Neixl More People in North Carolina; under the following heads; (1) the amount of elbow room we have for newcomers, (2) the economic results of a larger popu- I lation, (3) the .“ocial results, (4) possible I sources of increase, and (5) ways of se curing de.sirable immigrants. Abundant Elbow-room For Home-seehers Nearly three-fourths or to be more ex act 73 per cent of all the land in North Carolina lies imcultivated and idle. Iowa is only a little larger than North Caro lina; but unlike North Carolina 73 per j c.ent of her area is under cultivation. I Four-fifths of our total area could be util ized for farm purposes. The fact that only 8,813,000 of our 32,000,000 acres are under cidti\ atiou is amazing. We have room to accommodate 250,000 more new farm families, giving each family 75 acres and leaving 50,000 acres in earli county for woodlot purposes. This number of new farm families would nearly exactly double our present country population. We have room for all the farmers of Belgium. 450,000 in unnd)er, giving them ' farms twice as large as they have been l accn.stomed to cultivate at home; even then we woidd have nine ndllion acres left over. We have room for 25,590 new farm families on 75 acre farms in live of I the lower Cajie Fear countJes, where the I soil equals that of any other farm area in the United States. What It Means to Double Our Farm Population It would mean an income of $537,000,- 000 in farm ]>roperty alone. It would in crease our crop-producing power $142,- 000,000 a year. These toti^ls are based upmi our present small per capita wealth in North Carolina, and our per capita production of farn{ wealth in 1910. But if our new comers were Americanized farmers from the Middle West, they would increase our larm wealth more than 3 billion dollars, and add $600,000,- 000 to the annual «ealtli produced in crops alone. A greater density of populati(jn in our country regions would mean better school facilities and a decrease ot the undue il literacy that now retards farm progress. Sparsity of population means poor scliools and excessive illiteracy. Country chil dren are oft(m comiielled to walk from two to four miles to school and even far ther to church. It doe-s not take a phil osopher to puzzle out tlie effect of such conditions. Greatc-r density of populUtiou would bring the farmers into closer relationship and, eliminate the present social aloofness that now retards organization and coop erative farm enterprise. We have talked so much about these things that we are prone to forget how vital they are to a country c.onimunity; and at the same time how impossible they are in thinly populated farm areas. Densely populat ed regions may easily have better schools and churclu^s, better roads, less dissatis faction and unrest, more social life and recreation, more community spirit, and greater progress and prosperity. Can We Hope To Have More I People? Tiie Lrice of land in the Middle West has increased so much within the last few years that the farmers of that set-tion have been their farms at prices rangintr from $250 to $400 an acre and swarmiiig into (3anada. the South-west ern part of the United States, ;ind else where. These farm (wople ought to lie coming into North Carolina. I )ur soils I and climate art' far fietter than Canada I or the south-western states can otTer. We dp not suffer the sudden changtw and ex tremes of climate that afflict the South west. We, have nothing like the torna dos, cyclones, and droughts of Texas and 1 Oklahoma, j These people know nothing about,cot- I ton and tobacco farming. But' they lo ^ know about livestock farming and live stock industries—a kind of farming that needs immense develo)>nient in North Carolina, Many of the farmers wliofiaN e migrated to Canada have returned to the Tnited States owing to the fact that they I found farming unprf>titable and unbeara- I ble in the bitter cold anl sparsely .st-ttled regions farther North. I The question immediately arises in our ’ minds, Would it be possible lo induce them to come to North Carolina? ' The Value of Advertising i At i)resent these people do not know that North Carolina is even on the maj.i. They know all about Florida, Loui.siana, ,-Vrkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, simply because the people of-th(‘se states have , spent millions of money in advertising ' their advantages. As a result the home- seekers passing tlirough Kansas into Ok lahoma and Texas have long averaged 2,000 farm families per week, I These states have turned the trick by ' abundant advertising. They have en- ' listed the railroad authorities, Tv\o or I thret^ times a week through passenger trains of home-.seeker specials leave Chi cago for Oklahoma City, little Hock, and Amarillo. The ronnd-trip ticket is about half the straight fare one way. Our State Publicity Bun'au Inis bravely begun this work of advertising North ■Carolina. But it is. privately supported. The Bureau funds are a mere bagatelle of the sum demandeil by this vast under taking. What Mr. Forrester is doing with a small fund evidences the enormous good he could do with the necessary $100,000 a year. WEALTH AMONG LIVESTOCK FARMERS Keaders of The University News Let ter, who have been preserving the tables we have been publishing of late, and placing them side by side for thoughtful comparisons, v\ill note that the per capi ta farm wealth of country populations is small in regions’iwhere per acre crop val ues are high; .say, in the cotton belt states. In these states the per acre crop values are high, because among the standard farm crops cotton, tobacc.o and sweet po tatoes yield the largest average results. But as we have already .seen, these are the states in which the values produeed per farm worker are small (f) because they are hand-made crops on farms that are too small upon an average—around 37 cultivated a-res, and (2) lx>cause of the immense labor-waste in. one-cro]) farming. Plain as a Pikestaff Small wealth-producing [jower per farm worker is accompanied by sniall wealth-retaining power, largely because (1) cotton or tobacco farmers expect to get rich raising valuable cash crops, and buying farm supplies with cotton and tobacco money, (2) because they usually neglect livestock farming and diversitica- tion and rotation of crops that livestock farming forces them to adopt. That is to say, they neglect the food and feed crops that enable them to sup port their families and farm animals, and thus to have their cotton and tobac co money as a surplus income. UNIVERSITYl SCHOOL OF EDUCATION LETTER SERIES NO. 69 WHERE THE SCHOOLS LOSE OUT One great drawback to the forwani movement of our public si'hx)ls is their lack of financial [.lOwer to hold exper ienced teachers in the sciioolrfiom anil retain *fticieiit principals and sujxTinten- dents in the administrative side of the work. In other words, tiur enthusiasm , for education has not fruited out into | money enotrgh to bring into the public ; school .system that [lermanent service | which is so necessary for its improve-1 ment and progress. : The Important Step [ whicli nuist be taken for jiublic educa- i catian is the raising of enough money not | only to attract into ijublic schools, the j very best talent but also to hold it tluire I in iM-'rmanent and continuous service! year by year, 'The etlicient teaclu'r should lie paid such a salary as will hold him in the service of tlie children, and yet too often just the reverse is true. A teacher's enthusiasm, industry, tact, and power to | manage scliool affairs are seen by othei's | who need just such a man or woman in 1 other lines of business and they c.ome to i him for his .service with tlii' lure of I A Higher Salary and more permanent employment. His rocorfl as .i teacher, brings offers I hat take him toother fields of labor and the community loses a good man because ol his efficiency and the profession is [lofirer fiecause of his success as a teacher. In fact, it is too oftwn true that the.more successful a sclioolman is the mofe (^er- I tain he is to be tempted, by a higher i salary, away from teaching into some- I thing else. i A Case in Point The other day, in North Carolina, a young man of proJe.s-sional trainfiig for schoolwc>rk, of five years successful ex- |XM’ieiu« as principal of one of our largest city public schools, with natural enthu-si- a,siii, fondness, and aptitude for leaching, and popular with teachers, parents, pup ils. and school board, wivs forced to re sign and aciu'pt a higher and nio.st neces sary salary in another field of w.irk simp ly because he and his family could not live cm the salary he had been rc'ceiving in the school w'ork. Other Losses In rec(“iit years the public schools in three of our largtst cities have lost the services of tive men of state-wide n^puta- tioii.as high grade schoolmen and they are yet in North Carolina serving with success at the heafi of large insurance, banking, and manufacturing concerns. Thesi! men liked sithool work but they had famihes to support avid the schools lost their service for the want of money ti kiH'p them. And yet there is i A Bright Side The (>eople are rapidly coming to lie- lievc^ that iheir children must have the best. Many communities, cities, and counties? are voluntarily increasing their school taxes in order to pay their teach ers a high(‘r salary. There is hope, aii'l enthusiasm ('verywhere, and young men and young W'omen in every section of the state, aw choosing teaching as a j)rotession and taking spec.ial training for the work. In spite of our losses of good teachers we are making progress year by year. They produce enormous total crop val- ■ ues from year to year, but when the' year’s struggle is ended and the balance sheet is drawn, what they havi' left over is,fi bare pin's fee. They handle more money, but it does not seem to stick to the palms that sweat: it out. Gross income considered, we en- ' joy advantages over ail the rest of the! earth in the production of cotton. But ■ this compfirative alvantage disappears! when we come to consider net iiK^omes : and accumulated wealth, ! Safe Farming ! Bread-and-meat farmers everywhere! accumulate wealth, while the farmers in ; cotton and tobacco areas stay poor. This 1 liard fact stares us in the face as we study the tables that are now' ap[)earing in Tlie i University News I.etter. We ought always to grow cotton and tobacco; l)Ut manifestly -we ought to do so with our pantries, smokehouses, barns and cribs lilled with hxmie-inade bread and meat supplies. We must have (1) more farming by owners and less by tenants, (2) fewer crop-liens and less of expensive time- credit- in the' supply-stores, (3) farms of larger average size, (4) more farm ani mals and profit-reducing machinery per farm, (5) a larger income from the sale of livestock and livestock products, and (6) more of the crop diversification that livestock farming enforces. AVithout all thesi' things we shall al- w’ays have an ill-balanced, unsafe, im- stable agrif^ulture. The bankers and trad ers of the South are just as severely pun ished as our farmers are by the spend thrift system of agricnlture that has atllic- ted the South for the last half century. Wealthy Bread-and-Meat Farmers Three-fourth.s of the Iowa farmer's in come, upon an average, arises from the sale of livestock and livestock products. It indii'ates a well lialanced farm system; and the per capita farm wealth of country people in low'a is $3,386. ^ ()n the other hand, only one-tifth of the Mississippi farmer’s income arists from livestock farming; and the per capi ta farm wealth of Mississippi is only $300. Less than a tfiird of our farm income in North Carolina is derived from the sale of livestock and livestock products; and our per capita country w'ealth is only ?322. These tables suggest other causes of our small i>er capita farm wealth in North Carolina. But it is worth while just here to consider the meager equipment of our farms in farm animals as one of these cau.ses. PER CENT OF FARM INCOME From Sale of Livestock and Livestock Products Federal Crop Report, Oct. 16, 1915 Rank St«ite3 Total Live stock Live stock liank Statas Total Live stock Live stock ).Klt. tK’t. prod. pet. pet. prod. 1 Vermont 82 18 64 30 Maine 57 15 42 2 West Virginia 81 58 23 31 Kansas 55 39 16 3 Wisconsin 78 31 47 32 Tennessee 54 42 12 4 Iowa 75 63 12 \ 33 Minnesota 53 33 20 4 Missouri 75 62 13 34 Maryland and Del. 45 23 32 4 Rhode Islam! 75 13 62 34 Arkansas 45 34 11 7 Connecticut 74 12 62 37 Oklahoma 43 32 11 8 New Hampshire 71 20 51 38 North Carolina 33 18 15 9 Massachusetts 69 19 50 39 Florida 32 16 16 10 New York 67 14 53 39 New .lersey 32 6 26 11 Indiana (56 50 16 41 North Dakota 31 25 6 12 Nebraska 65 56 9 41 Alabama 31 17 14 12 Oregon 65 33 32 43 California 27 15 12 14 Miidiigan 64 34 30 44 Texas 25 16 9 14 Kentucky 64 45 19 45 iiOuisiana 22' 13 9 16 Pennsylvania 63 21 42 45 Georgia 22 18 4 16 Ohio 63 41 22 47 South Carolina 20 8 12 18 Washington 62 16 46 47 Mississippi 20 12 8 18 “-Mt. States (8) 62 49 13 *riie mountain states are Montana, 18 Illinois 28 Virginia 62 61 42 46 20 15 , Wyoming, Colorado, New lilexico, Ari- 29 South Dakotii 59 41 18 zona, I^^tah, Nevada, and Idaho.
The University of North Carolina News Letter (Chapel Hill, N.C.)
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April 12, 1916, edition 1
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